Symptoms of HCM vary widely. Some patients may never experience any discomfort, while others suffer from significant limitations. Common symptoms include:
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- Shortness of breath, particularly during exertion
- Chest pain or pressure
- Lightheadedness or fainting (especially after exercise or standing)
- Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
- Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
- Sudden cardiac death, especially among adolescents and athletes
